There is no quick test for bacteria, not even for E. coli, the best-researched bacteria in the world. Even the well-known urine test strips do not test directly for bacteria but for certain chemicals produced by bacteria. There is quite certainly not a quick test that can identify a certain, freshly discovered new strain.
There is a difference between forensic DNA fingerprinting, where you detect the number of certain typical sequences in a given genome, and gene sequencing, where you spell out complete genes or even genomes one base pair after the other. Ms Boa Vista's lab work leading to the botulism conclusion is a complete fairy tale, especially given the time frame; this job could keep a research team busy for months.